Extraction of iron from iron ore fines glawdis shungu tshofu v publications and presentations conference proceedings tshofu, g s. Historically, iron ore reached an all time high of 200 in november of 2007. The iron ore is first roasted in air to produce ironiii oxide which is mixed with coke and limestone and then further heated to a very high temperature in a blast furnace. Liquid phase extraction of iron from iron ore fines using acetyl acetone. Epa 530r94030 ntis pb94195203 technical resource document extraction and beneficiation of ores and minerals volume 3 iron august 1994 u.
The extraction of iron from its ore is a long and subdued process, that helps in separating the useful components from the waste materials such as slag. The extraction of iron ore is generally performed through a blasting and removal process from large open pit mines. One route to accomplishing this is to take advantage of the change in solubility of ferrous iron as a function of carbon dioxide concentration. The iron ore was prepared by coprecipitation method. It is the combination of estimated quantity in ore deposits and potential rates of production that has been evaluated by northey and colleagues 35 for copper and by mohr and colleagues 36 for iron.
Deposits of iron ore such as haematite containing iron oxide are found in sedimentary rocks from which the oxygen is removed from the. Avoiding the environmental problems in the extraction of aluminium from the bauxite. More lessons for igcse chemistry math worksheets a series of free igcse chemistry activities and experiments cambridge igcse chemistry. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating. Details of extraction the process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps. Iron ore is rock containing enough iron content, and in sufficient volume and accessibility to mining and transportation to be able to be economically mined. Geologists recognise various types of iron ore, classified chiefly according to iron fe content see table 1 below. Alloys of irons are used to make cars, nails, bridges etc. Periodic table of elements the periodic table of elements groups elements in columns and rows by. Pdf 2012 evidence for iron ore extraction and iron. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing, separating, concentrating, mixing, pelletizing, and shipping.
A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with. Extraction of iron from its ore is the third and the penultimate process in the metallurgy. Direct biohydrometallurgical extraction of iron from ore osti. The washed ore is then concentrated by electromagnetic separation process. Extraction of nickel, cobalt and iron from laterite ores. Iron ore introduction properties occurence compounds diagram introduction. The ores are crushed in jaw crusher and powdered in ball mills. What is the word equation for the extraction of aluminium. Iron ore is usually a mixture of iron and vast quantities of impurities such as sand and clay referred to as gangue.
The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce the concentrated ore chemically to its liquid metal state. Iron ore mining techniques, metal extraction, types of. Mining iron ore mining iron ore begins at ground level. The diagram shows the blast furnace for the extraction of iron from its ore, taken as haematite. A mixture of crushed iron ore, coke an almost pure form of carbon and limestone is fed into the top of the blast furnace. The iron found in iron ores are found in the form of iron oxides. In this metallurgical operation, the ore is concentrated by removing impurities like soil etc. Beneficiation of iron ore and the treatment of magnetic iron taconites, stage grinding and wet magnetic separation is standard practice. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. Pdf mining of iron ore is a highly capital and energyintensive. As mining technology generally developed, so did drilling techniques and the explosives used. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into various kinds of steel.
Extraction of iron from haematite lets learn nepal. These materials are loaded into the blast furnace from the top while a blast of hot air is introduced into it from beneath via small pipes known as tuyeres. Iron is extracted from its chief ore haematite fe 2 o 3. Concentration of ore calcination or roasting of ore reduction of ore concentration of ore. The depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite, titanomagnetites, etc. The extra heat energy released from the above reaction increases the temperature inside. Similarly phosphorous pentoxide combines with haematite to form ferric phosphate slag. Unlike mineral sulfide ores, iron ore does not provide an energy source e.
Coke is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. However, he states that in later years where the mining had progressed to the dip, this. Iron extraction raw materials, furnace, reactions taking place, collection of iron, memory technique to remember the entire process. Lateritic ores are formed by prolonged weathering of ultramafic rocks. But alloys of iron such as steel are highly useful.
This also applies to iron ores of the nonmagnetic type which after a reducing roast are amenable to magnetic separation. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing. Iron pyrites fes 2 is not directly used as an ore for the extraction of iron because it contains quite high percentage of sulphur. Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. Due to high content of sulphur it is primarily us for the manufacture of h 2 so 4, for this purpose it is burnt in air to get so 2. Pdf life cycle assessment of iron ore mining and processing.
The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct. The metal content in the ore can vary depending upon the impurities present and chemical composition of the ore. Iron, latin ferrum,iron symbol fe, magnetic, malleable, silvery white metallic element. As the results, the main mineral and chemical compositions of samples which were investigated by. Concentration of ore calcination or roasting of ore reduction of ore. The second step in the process is calcination or roasting of the ore, which removes certain impurities, carbon dioxide and other. The extraction of metals and its isolation occurs over a few major steps. Understanding iron ores and mining of iron ore ispatguru. This page explains the production route taken from extraction of orecontaining rock to a final product that is the highestpurity commercial metal in existence and used in a wide variety of applications essential to modern living.
The crushed ore is washed with steam or cold water to remove clay and sand. Extraction of iron study material for iit jee askiitians. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. Study of hematite mineral fe2o3 extracted from natural iron ore. It is widely distributed, combined with oxygen as iron oxides. Write the equations for each of the following reactions. The choice of the process depends upon the nature of the ore and the type of the metal. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. These samples are analyzed and categorized so that mining engineers can accurately develop a mine plan. All such plants are large tonnage operations treating up to 50,000 tons per day and ultimately requiring grinding as fine as minus 500. Iron in ore iron is most commonly found in the form of magnetite fe 3 o 4, hematite fe 2 o 3, goethite feooh, limonite feoohnh 2 o or siderite feco 3. Haematite and magnetite are the most commonly found iron ore minerals.
Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. It should also be noted that modern technologies and machines for extracting iron from ore have. The various steps involved in the process are as follows. Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be extracted. Taconite is identified by diamond drilling core samples on a grid hundreds of feet into the earth. The method of extraction which is most appropriate. We are going to discuss in details about the different types of iron in the extraction of the iron part.
The most common ore of iron is called haematite iron iii oxide. In fact it is believed that iron makes up about 5% by weight of the earths crust. Copper is mainly extracted from the sulphide ore cu 2 s by the selfreduction process. Iron ores are rocks and mineral deposits from which clanging iron can be reasonably extracted. As a result of these impurities, iron must be first separated from the gangue and then converted to pure iron.
Smith 1990 reported that the cleveland deposit was associated with a very strong stone roof rock known as dogger allowing mine drivages to be selfsupporting. Coke is cheap and provides both the reducing agent for the reaction and also the heat source. In the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese from its ore, the leach liquors often contain divalent ions such as iron, copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc along with other manganese impurities which make manganese very difficult to separate. The process of mining of iron ore from discovery of an iron ore deposit body through extraction of iron ores and finally to returning the land to its natural state consists of several distinct steps. The process involves the crushing and washing of ore. Pellets are comprised of ore that has been agglomerated into balls. The extraction of iron from its ores is quite a technical process. In a blast furnace oxide ores of iron, after concentration through calcinationroasting are mixed with limestone and coke are fed from its top. The first is discovery of the iron ore deposit, which is carried out through prospecting or exploration to find and then define the extent. The process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps. Firstly the raw materials iron ore haematite, fe 2 o 3. The laterite deposits exhibit graded layers of ore, with high iron, low nickel ore on top and low iron, high nickel ore below. Environmental protection agency office of solid waste. As you can see from the diagram, hot air is blasted from both sides at the bottom.
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